For each type of source in this guide, both the general form and an example will be provided.
The following format will be used:
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) -entry that appears in the body of your paper when you express the ideas of a researcher or author using your own words. For more tips on paraphrasing check out The OWL at Purdue.
In-Text Citation (Quotation) -entry that appears in the body of your paper after a direct quote.
References - entry that appears at the end of your paper.
Information on citing and several of the examples were drawn from theAPA Manual (6th ed.).
Helpful Tips:
If a journal article has a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) listed, you will always include this identifier in your reference. You will not have to include the URL of the journal's home page or of the database from which you retrieved the article if a DOI is available.
If you viewed a journal article in an online database and it does not have a DOI, you will need to do a quick search outside of the database to locate the URL for the journal's home page (pp. 191-192). This information must be included in the reference. If the journal is no longer being published and it does not have a home page, then include the URL for the home page of the database from which you retrieved the article (p. 192).
If you viewed a journal article in its print format, be sure to check if it has a DOI listed. If it does not, your reference to the article would end after you provide the page range of the article.
If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI)is listed on either a print or an electronic source it is included in the reference. A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that is used to identify a certain source (typically journal articles).
Example: doi:10.1080/14622200410001676305
The DOI is often found on the first page of an article. For more information on DOIs and sample pictures indicating where to locate a DOI on a source, check out pages 188 to 192 of the APA Manual and/or this helpful DOI flow chart put together by the people at APA.
Curious about how to find a DOI?
Check out the tutorial video put together by APA.
